Declarer Play II -- Establishing and Cashing Tricks

Your first step as declarer is deciding on an overall plan for making your contract (see the declarer-play lesson on Forming a Plan). To develop and carry out that plan, you need some basic knowledge about the different techniques that can be used to establish tricks. One play you'll need to use frequently is the finesse, which involves trapping the opponents' honors (see the lesson on The Finesse). Other techniques include building your natural honor tricks and setting up your long suits. Here's a basic overview of these declarer-play techniques and some tips on how to cash the tricks you set up:
Building Natural Tricks

One of your main sources of tricks is in suits where you have honors. Some holdings -- aces, or AK and AKQ combinations -- provide sure tricks that can be cashed without giving up the lead. On most hands, though, you'll also need tricks from suits that don't have all the top honors. To turn these suits' potential tricks into sure tricks, you have to do some work.

One of the most common ways to build tricks through power is to drive out the opponents' aces and kings (and sometimes queens). When you form your plan, identify which honor combinations and suits offer the greatest number of potential tricks. Decide how and when you'll lead these suits, and don't be afraid to lose the lead. Here are some simple examples:

KQJ          432 -- This combination is one loser and two winners. To actually cash your two tricks, though, you have to get the ace out of the way. The opponents won't usually be anxious to help. You'll have to lead this suit yourself and force them to take their ace.

J10984      7653 -- This suit has at least two potential winners, but to score them, you must be willing to give up the lead three times. Note that you'll win three tricks if the missing cards divide 2-2.

Developing Long-Suit Winners

Another way to establish tricks is by setting up your long suits. Small cards in a long suit will often become winners when the opponents have no more cards in that suit. The chance that a long suit will provide extra winners will often depend on how the opponents' cards are divided. For example:

AKQ32      654 -- This suit will provide five tricks if all the opponents' cards drop under the AKQ. The missing cards must be divided 3-2 for you to win five tricks. What if the cards divide 4-1? If this is a side suit in a trump contract, you can trump the 2 to draw the last outstanding card and make your 3 a winner. If you're in notrump, you may want to give the opponents the fourth trick so you can win the fifth.

AK876       54 -- In notrump, this suit can provide three or four tricks, but only if you let the opponents win a trick or two. If the missing cards break 3-3, you can cash AK and lead the 6, letting the opponents win the trick. This will establish dummy's 87 for two more tricks. If the missing cards instead break 4-2, you'll have to lose two tricks to establish the 8.     If this is a side suit in a trump contract, you may be able to set up three or four tricks without losing any. Cash the ace-king, then trump dummy's 6. If the suit divides 3-3, you've created two more tricks. If the suit divides 4-2, you'll have to trump two of dummy's small cards to set up the third.

When you try to count winners in a long suit, you won't always know exactly how many tricks it will provide. You can make a good guess, though, if you know how the missing cards are likely to divide in the opponents' hands. See Declarer Play: Simple Odds for a summary of the probabilities of various suit breaks.
When leading long suits, be sure you count the opponents' cards as they play to each trick. You'll need to keep track of how many cards are outstanding to determine whether or not your cards are winners. For tips on how to count cards, see Developing Your Counting Skills.

Unblocking plays

With some combinations, you must plan your plays so that once you establish your suit, the lead will be in the correct hand. The order of your leads can be critical if one hand has more cards in the suit than the other. Whether you're building natural honor tricks or trying to establish a long suit, you will often need to plan to unblock the suit to be sure you can cash all the tricks you set up.

If you're leading a suit that's unevenly divided between your hand and dummy's, play the high cards from the short suit first. Stated another way, plan your leads so the hand with the long suit is winning the trick when you are playing the last card from the hand with the short suit. Here are some examples:

QJ102         K3 -- With this combination, you'll have three winners after you force out the ace. Attack this suit by playing the king on the first trick (high card from the short suit). Now you can lead the 3 over to the QJ10 and continue leading the suit.

AKJ32        Q4 -- You should also unblock when you're cashing sure tricks. Here, win the first trick with the queen, then lead the 4 over to the AKJ3. If you instead lead the ace first, then low to the queen, the suit is blocked -- you'll have three good tricks left in the long suit, but no easy way to get to them.

　